Tuesday, 6 December 2016

Gender differences in the experience of slavery

In the portrayal of Solomon Northup’s life in 12 Years A Slave, there are many instances of differences of the treatment of the slaves due to their gender. These experiences range differently, from the relationship with their owners, how they resist punishments and how they are able to express how they are feeling. However, regardless of some of these differences there are some similarities to be seen in their treatment.

The first instance of gender difference in the movie 12 Years a Slave is when the newly captured slaves are being held in a cell in Washington. When being woken, the white capturers woke Solomen with a kick, unlike how they woke Eliza, which was by removing her from the cell. This shows that there is a clear difference in the way of physical treatment. The capturer appeals to her maternal instincts by saying that she “don’t want to frighten the children over a little boat ride, do you?”, showing that they rely on her emotions and rely on her to comply through this whilst with the men they just use brute force.

The roles of the slaves in the plantation are different depending on the gender. The men are forced to work on the fields, this way they are like a team, which is evident from the singing that goes on when working on the fields. This differs to the life of the female slaves, whose jobs are usually in the house (such as the serving girl on the front porch), and are very independent, meaning that they are more isolated than the male slaves. However, later in the film we see both genders do the field work, with Patsey being the most successful at this job, showing that gender roles are both used and ignored, depending on the plantation the slaves ended up at.

There is an exceptional difference in the way Solomon and Eliza deal with the loss of their children. Eliza is more vocal about it, being resistant to the condition she is in whilst Solomon gets through it by being friendly with their master, saying that he only does it in order to survive and that he has not forgotten his children. However, this can just show how different both these characters resist towards their condition, Solomon deciding to focus on survival to resist to be sad about his situation, as he realises he can’t do much about it. This can show that both genders are similar in the fact that they both are resisting their situations and are upset about being forced into slavery, but both have different approaches to show this, and Eliza being more emotional over it can show the typical sensitivity that is usually portrayed around women.

Mistress Shaw, a black woman who is deemed to be the ‘lady’ of the house shows how many women slaves used the power of the white masters, likely through sex, to attain positions like this. It is evident that Shaw is acting similar to that of a white lady of the house, which is shown through the language that is used towards Solomon and her fashion, and shows her power in the house and that this position is unattainable for the male slaves. The idea of black females being used this was shows a huge difference between the genders, as many of the young black women, such as Patsey, are used by the white male owners and are often raped, and cannot do anything about it as they are slaves and have no position to argue, which shows a key difference in how females are treated.

In this film, the portrayal of the white female owners shows that they were jealous of most of the black female slaves, due to the white male’s attention on them. This lead to the white women in this film to be physically abusive to those she felt jealous of, even though women at this time were oppressed due to their gender, it seemed to manifest into violence towards the black females over the sexual attention of the white male owners. This is shown vividly in the movie where the Mistress Epps throws a glass at Patsey for dancing, as her dance was more expressive and showed her solitude as a female slave, and is punished for this as it could be what made her husband attracted to Patsey.


In conclusion, gender did have an impact on what the person did as a slave in many plantations, but there are also similarities, for example how both genders are dehumanised as soon as they are enslaved and are used until they can no longer do any more. Overall it seems that women slaves are more emotionally expressive about their situation than many of the men, they are also able to elevate their positions and become a ‘lady’ of the house, although they would still technically be a slave. 

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